Gender pay gap, monthly gross
1. Contact
Responsible agency
Unit
Contact person
Position
Email (agency)
Phone
2. Statistical presentation
Data description
Gender pay gap indicator is used for annual comparison of earnings by gender in Latvia.
Statistical concepts and definitions
Statistical unit
State and local government institution, state and local government merchant, private commercial company, individual merchant, foundation, association and fund employing 1 and more persons.
Statistical population
Target population covers all statistical units (state and local government budgetary institutions, state and local government merchants, private commercial companies, individual merchants, foundations, associations and funds employing 1 and more persons) economically active in 2025.
Target population of the survey does not include:
- religious organisations;
- rural handicraft enterprises;
- peasant and fishermen farms;
- family businesses;
- individuals performing economic activity.
Target population does also not include statistical units classified with an activity code starting with 97 or 98 of the NACE Rev. 2 classification.
3. Institutional mandate
Legal acts and other agreements
N/A
4. Accessibility and clarity
On-line database
5. Comparability
Comparability - geographical
EU data on Eurostat website Section: Labour market / Earnings.
Length of comparable time series
N/A
6. Coherence
Coherence- cross domain
N/A
7. Statistical processing (data source etc.)
Source data
The data are produced by compiling data from the CSB questionnaires – quarterly reports on activities of merchants, state and local government budgetary institutions, foundations, associations and funds (questionnaires 2-darbs, 2-darbs-pašvaldības, and 2-darbs (īsā)), and administrative data. Questionnaire 2-darbs (īsā) is submitted by individual merchants, foundations, associations and funds employing 10–99 persons. Questionnaire 2-darbs-pašvaldības is submitted by local governments and other municipal institutions. All other statistical units included in the sample submit questionnaire 2-darbs.
Administrative data are acquired from the employer reports submitted to the State Revenue Service – on state social security compulsory payments made from the income of employees, income tax and business risk state duty during the reference month, regarding employment income, personal income tax and state mandatory social insurance contributions paid by seasonal farm workers, as well as micro-enterprise tax declarations.
Data collection
Each quarter of 2025 5.3 thsd respondents are surveyed.
Central and local government bodies, commercial companies with central or local government capital participation of 50% or more, and all private sector businesses with 100 or more employees are surveyed fully. Other statistical units are surveyed using a simple random sampling method, with strata pre-defined by economic activity and enterprise size (based on the number of employees). In addition, all general government sector units – that is, every unit with an institutional sector classification code starting with S13 – are included in the sample, regardless of any other criteria.
The sampling frame was built using information from the CSB Statistical Business Register on economically active units. At the time the sample was drawn, the frame included all statistical units meeting the target population criteria – a total of 100 594 units.
Target population of Q1 2025 | Full-scope survey | Sample survey | Imputed | Total |
Central and local government bodies (Institutional sector classification codes: S130110, S130120, S130150, S130160, S130170, S130310,S130320, S130340 S130400) | 383 | 0 | 0 | 383 |
State and municipal businesses (SVTK* code starting with 1 or 2, or 82, or 83) | 353 | 0 | 0 | 353 |
Private sector businesses (SVTK code does not start with 1 or 2, or 82 or 83, and the third and fourth digits are not 71 or 77; individual merchants with third and fourth digits of SVTK code 71 or 77) | 1 121 | 11 165 | 82 348 | 92 766 |
Foundations, associations and funds (Institutional sector classification code: S15000) | 11 | 239 | 6 842 | 7 092 |
Total | 1 868 | 11 404 | 89 190 | 100 594 |
*SVTK – CSB typological classification of statistical units
Data compilation
Information is collected from statistical surveys every quarter in breakdown by month. Annual data are obtained by summing quarterly results received during the year. Information obtained from respondents is extrapolated using the weights set for each sampling unit. Report indicators multiplied with the weights firstly are summed at class (4-digit), group (3-digit), division (2-digit) and section (letter) level in compliance with the statistical Classification of Economic Activities NACE Rev. 2.
Each quarter, data summaries are analysed to assess the reliability of the results obtained through imputation and weighting of non-responding and indirectly surveyed statistical units. Summary indicators are compared with those from previous periods and with administrative data sources.
Wage and salary indicators cover employees working time whereof is registered and wages and salaries calculated.
As of the first quarter of 2025, data compilation is based fully on the enterprise definition.
The enterprise is the smallest combination of legal units that is an organisational unit producing goods or services, which benefits from a certain degree of autonomy in decision-making, especially for the allocation of its current resources. An enterprise carries out one or more activities at one or more locations. An enterprise may be a sole legal unit.
The average monthly wages or salaries (earnings) are calculated by dividing the estimated wage and salary fund by the average number employees in full-time units.
Average number of employees in full-time units is calculated separately for full-time and part-time employees for whom wages and salaries were calculated, and the result is summed. Only the full-time employees who were not in labour relations for full month are recalculated into full-time units, and it is done by using information on hours paid of such employees indicated in the reports.
Part-time employees are recalculated into full-time units as follows:
number of hours paid of part-time employees is divided by the number of hours paid of full-time employees, and the result is multiplied by the number of full-time employees.
The gross wage and salary fund includes basic wage and salary (monthly wage, post wage), remuneration for the time worked or the amount of work done, regular and irregular additional payments and bonuses, earnings related to over-time work, payment for the annual and supplementary vacations, additional payment for vacation, holiday allowances, compensation for the vacation not used, sick pay (medical certificate A), payment for other days not worked, social security compulsory contributions paid by employees and personal income tax, as well as labour remuneration subsidies.
The gender pay gap is the difference between the average gross hourly wage of women and the average gross hourly wage of men. It is shown as a percentage of men’s earnings and represents the difference between the average gross hourly earnings of male and female employees.
For example, a value of 8.7% means that earnings of women are, on average, 8.7% lower than the earnings of men. Conversely, a value of –8.7% means that earnings of women are, on average, 8.7% higher than that of men.
The gender pay gap is calculated using the following formula:
[(average monthly gross earnings of men – average monthly gross earnings of women) / average monthly gross earnings of men] × 100