Monetary poverty and income inequality indicators (EU-SILC survey)
1. Contact
Responsible agency
Unit
Contact person
Position
Email (agency)
Phone
2. Statistical presentation
Data description
Monetary poverty and income inequality indicators were accepted by the Laeken European Council on December 2001, with an aim to evaluate and observe EU Member state progress in decreasing social exclusion. These indicators are relative and they are derived from average income level. The indicators characterise relative instead of absolute at-risk-of poverty among population.
Important to know:
CSB and Eurostat publish the data with a reference to different years
CSB publishes monetary poverty and income inequality indicators with a reference to the year when the income was actually received, while Eurostat uses a reference to the year when the survey was conducted. For example, monetary poverty and income inequality data of 2016 in the Eurostat database are published with the reference to 2017.
Statistical concepts and definitions
Statistical unit
Statistical units are private households and all persons living in these households who have usual residence in Latvia.
Statistical population
The basic unit of EU-SILC survey is persons living in private households. Survey does not include collective households (old peoples’ homes, boarding schools for disabled children, student hostels, hotels, barracks, hospitals, sanatoriums, prisons, etc.).
During the survey information was obtained on whole household as well as on each household member aged 16 and over. Households belonging to longitudinal section are surveyed for several years (maximum 4 years). In Latvia four-year rotation panel is used and all household members, who in the first survey year were at age of at least 14, are sample respondents.
3. Institutional mandate
Legal acts and other agreements
- Framework Regulation* - Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a common framework for European statistics relating to persons and households, based on data at individual level collected from samples, amending Regulations (EC) No 808/2004, (EC) No 452/2008 and (EC) No 1338/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EC) No 577/98.
* Until 31 December 2020 - Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC).
- Commission Regulation (EC) No 1980/2003 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards definitions and updated definitions;
- Commission Regulation (EC) No 1981/2003 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the fieldwork aspects and the imputation procedures;
- Commission Regulation (EC) No 1982/2003 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the sampling and tracing rules;
- Commission regulation (EC) No 1983/2003 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the list of target primary variables;
- Commission Regulation (EC) No 28/2004 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the detailed content of intermediate and final quality reports;
- Commission Regulation (EC) No 16/2004 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the list of target secondary variables relating to the "intergenerational transmission of poverty";
- Commission Regulation (EC) No 13/2005 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the list of target secondary variables relating to ‘social participation’;
- Commission Regulation (EC) No 315/2006 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the list of target secondary variables relating to housing conditions;
- Commission Regulation (EC) No 215/2007 on implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the list of target secondary variables relating to over-indebtedness and financial exclusion;
- Council Regulation (EC) No 362/2008 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the 2009 list of target secondary variables on material deprivation;
- Commission Regulation (EC) No 646/2009 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the 2010 list of target secondary variables on intra-household sharing of resources;
- Commission Regulation (EU) No 481/2010 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the 2011 list of target secondary variables on intergenerational transmission of disadvantages;
- Commission Regulation (EU) No 1157/2010 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC), as regards the 2012 list of target secondary variables on housing conditions;
- Commission Regulation (EU) No 62/2012 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the 2013 list of target secondary variables on well-being;
- Commission Regulation (EU) No 112/2013 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the 2014 list of target secondary variables on material deprivation;
- Commission Regulation (EU) No 67/2014 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the 2015 list of target secondary variables on social and cultural participation and material deprivation;
- Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/245 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the 2016 list of target secondary variables on access to services;
- Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/114 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the 2017 list of target secondary variables on health and children's health;
- Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/310 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the list of target secondary variables on material deprivation, well-being and housing difficulties for 2018;
- Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/174 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the list of target secondary variables on intergenerational transmission of disadvantages, household composition and evolution of income for 2019.
- Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/414 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) as regards the 2020 list of target secondary variables on over-indebtedness, consumption and wealth as well as labour;
- Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2242 specifying the technical items of data sets, establishing the technical formats and specifying the detailed arrangements and content of the quality reports on the organisation of a sample survey in the income and living conditions domain pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council (see Ad-hoc subject module 2021: Living arrangements and conditions of children in separated and blended families);
- Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1721 specifying technical items of data sets of the sample survey in the income and living conditions omai non health and quality of life pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
4. Accessibility and clarity
On-line database
5. Comparability
Comparability - geographical
EU data on Eurostat website Section: Income and living conditions / Income distribution and monetary poverty
Important to know
CSB publishes monetary poverty and income inequality indicators with a reference to the year when the income was actually received, while Eurostat uses a reference to the year when the survey was conducted. For example, monetary poverty and income inequality data of 2016 in the Eurostat database are published with the reference to 2017.
Length of comparable time series
N/A
6. Coherence
Coherence- cross domain
N/A
7. Statistical processing
Source data
Monetary poverty and income inequality indicators are acquired with the help of Community Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). One of the main study objects of the EU-SILC is annual income of a household – their composition and level.
In order to acquire information four questionnaires were developed: Household Register, Household Questionnaire Form and Individual Questionnaire Form. Each questionnaire has its own aim and information in each questionnaire does not overlap with information in other forms. Fourth form is a module questionnaire that each year aims at researching different theme.
Household Register is questionnaire, which includes general information on each household member. It is mainly demographic information on persons living in the household, as well as on those persons, who have left the household.
Household Questionnaire Form includes questions concerning the household generally. It includes following questions: housing and housing conditions, housing costs, economic situation of the household, total household income, inter-household transfers and agricultural production in household.
Individual Questionnaire Form is filled in on each household member aged 16 and over. It includes questions on employment, income, education and health.
Survey is based also on data of the State Revenue Service on natural persons/taxpayers and State Social Insurance Agency data on state pensions and benefits.
Data collection
Year | Sample size | Completed questionnaire sets | Individual interviews (persons) | Non-response rate |
2023 | 8 713 | 5 835 | 10 247 | 33.0% |
2022 | 8 189 | 5 825 | 10 290 | 28.9% |
2021 | 9 166 | 6 571 | 11 727 | 28.3% |
2020 | 9 300 | 6 095 | 10 701 | 34.5% |
2019 | 7 799 | 5 279 | 9 578 | 32.3% |
2018 | 7 972 | 5 833 | 10 785 | 26.8% |
2017 | 8 087 | 6 014 | 11 304 | 25.6% |
2016 | 8 022 | 6 042 | 11 637 | 24.7% |
2015 | 8 008 | 6 113 | 11 726 | 23.7% |
2014 | 8 209 | 6 125 | 11 929 | 25.4% |
2013 | 8 510 | 6 309 | 12 442 | 25.9% |
2012 | 8 572 | 6 499 | 12 964 | 24.2% |
2011 | 8 463 | 6 599 | 13 503 | 22.0% |
2010 | 8 151 | 6 255 | 12 999 | 23.3% |
2009 | 7 610 | 5 797 | 12 207 | 23.8% |
2008 | 7 042 | 5 196 | 10 910 | 26.2% |
2007 | 6 717 | 4 471 | 9 270 | 33.4% |
2006 | 6 018 | 4 315 | 9 071 | 28.3% |
2005 | 5 813 | 3 843 | 7 913 | 33.9% |
Data compilation
EU-SILC data are extrapolated on all private household and household members living in these households. Weighting process includes application of design weights, which are corrected by actual response rate. Additional data are calibrated by population sex and age.