Key structural business indicators

Data on key structural business statistics indicators are used to assess the financial situation, number of employees and other indicators in enterprises of industry, trade and services sector in breakdown by kind of economic activity, region and city under state jurisdiction.

Data are classified and published using Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE Rev. 2).

Since 2021 covers NACE Rev. 2 classification sections B-S (with the exception of O and S94).

Until 2020 covers NACE Rev. 2 classification sections B-N (with the exception of K) and S95.

Economically active enterprises.

Data are collected from all economically active enterprises that in the reference period were engaged in economic activity, which had an impact on the Gross National Product.

Latvia.

Data are available since 2005.

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• Number of enterprises, number of local units;
• Employment variables - numerical values;
• Monetary variables in thousand euro.

Annual data.

From 2021:

Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics;

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics.

Until 2020:

• Commission Regulation (EC) No 1618/1999 concerning the criteria for the evaluation of quality of structural business statistics;
• Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning structural business statistics;
• Commission Regulation (EC) No 97/2009 implementing Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning structural business statistics, as regards the use of the flexible module;
• Commission Regulation (EC) No 250/2009 implementing Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the definitions of characteristics, the technical format for the transmission of data, the double reporting requirements for NACE Rev.1.1 and NACE Rev.2 and derogations to be granted for structural business statistics;
• Commission Regulation (EC) No 251/2009 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the series of data to be produced for structural business statistics and the adaptations necessary after the revision of the statistical classification of products by activity (CPA);
• Commission Regulation (EU) No 275/2010 implementing Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council, as regards the criteria for the evaluation of the quality of structural business statistics.

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Confidentiality of the information provided is protected by Statistics Law: 

Section 7. Competence of the Statistical Institution in Production of Official Statistics

• (2) The statistical institution shall:
• 8) ensure statistical confidentiality in accordance with the procedures laid down in this Law;

Section 17. Data Processing and Statistical Confidentiality

Section 19. Dissemination of Official Statistics

• (1) The statistical institution shall disseminate official statistics in a way that does not allow either directly or indirectly identify a private individual or a State institution in cases other than those laid down in Section 25 of this Law.
• (2) The statistical institution shall publish the official statistics which have been produced within the framework of the Official Statistics Programme in a publicly available form and by a predetermined deadline on the portal of official statistics. Until the moment of publication of official statistics this statistics shall not be published.

Primary confidentiality

In enterprise statistics cells are defined as confidential according to threshold rule and dominance rule (n,k). Cells are safe to be published if contributed by at least 4 respondents (n=4) as well as share of a single contributor is less than 80% (1,80) or two contributors share is less than 90% (2,90).

Secondary confidentiality

To ensure protection of aggregated data, secondary confidentiality is applied to supress additional cells, thus protecting primary confidential cells. We select secondary confidential cells to provide adequate protection while minimizing information loss.

Applicable secondary confidentiality determination criteria:

1. Secondary confidentiality is determined using T-Argus software, which performs automatic secondary confidentiality calculation.
2. Secondary confidential cells are selected manually.

All official statistics are published according to the advance dissemination calendar, at 13:00.

Data dissemination calendar

Statistical release dates and times are pre-announced in the data dissemination calendar.

Data are published two times per year.

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Statistical Yearbook of Latvia.

Statistics database

It is possible to use remote access to anonymized individual data in research. Depending on the additional data processing methods applied, the datasets are available for use on the researcher's infrastructure (OffSite) or on the remote access system of the Central Statistical Bureau (OnSite). The data are available if application is filled in and contract is concluded in case of positive decision from the Central Statistical Bureau. Anonymized individual data can be only used for scientific or research purposes, moreover, research result has to assure benefit to all society.

Individual data or microdata are records from surveys, population censuses or registers on individuals, households or enterprises.

Research data catalogue

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From 2021:

• Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics.
• Methodological manual on European SBS.

Until 2020:

• Commission Regulation (EC) No 250/2009 implementing Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the definitions of characteristics, the technical format for the transmission of data, the double reporting requirements for NACE Rev.1.1 and NACE Rev.2 and derogations to be granted for structural business statistics.

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To achieve high user satisfaction and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements, the CSB has introduced a Quality Management System (QMS). The system defines and, at the procedural level, describes processes of statistical production and identifies the persons responsible for their monitoring throughout all production stages. Its structure follows the principles of the Generic Statistical Business Process Model (GSBPM).

The QMS sets out the sequence in which processes are implemented – that is, the activities to be performed, including verifications of processes and produced statistics, the order and implementation requirements of these activities, and the persons responsible for their execution. It also defines the approach to evaluating production processes and their outcomes, and to implementing necessary improvements.

The CSB quality management system is certified to the ISO 9001:2015 standard Quality management systems — Requirements since 2018 (scope of certification: development, production and dissemination of official statistics). The original certification audit was performed by BM Trada Latvija SIA and a recertification audit, in 2024, was performed by Bureau Veritas Latvia SIA.

The CSB information security management system is certified to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — Information security management systems — Requirements since 2017 (scope of certification: collection, processing and storage of information and data for functions of the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Provision of statistical information for inland and foreign users). The original certification audit was performed by BM Certification SIA and a recertification audit, in 2024, was performed by Bureau Veritas Latvia SIA.

The quality of statistics is assessed in accordance with the existing requirements of both external and internal regulatory enactments, as well as the established quality criteria.

Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European statistics stipulates that European statistics shall be developed, produced and disseminated on the basis of uniform standards and harmonised methods. In this context, the following quality criteria shall apply: relevance, accuracy, timeliness, punctuality, accessibility, clarity, comparability and coherence.

As the national statistical institute and the principal authority of the national statistical system, the CSB has set common general institutional-level quality requirements for authorities responsible for producing or providing national statistics. These requirements are based on the European Statistics Code of Practice, which comprises 16 principles.

The overall assessment of data quality is good.

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CSB aims to produce reliable statistics, which serve as a basis for analysing socio-economic trends and informing decisions. Feedback on data quality can be sent by the e-mail to pasts@csp.gov.lv

The accuracy is fully in line with Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197.

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The provisional data do not include information on enterprises that have the legal right to submit data to the National Revenue Service late. This is the reason for non-response (non-response error). However, in order to reduce the differences between provisional and final data, imputations are made for such enterprises in the provisional data using short-term statistics or VAT data. In the final data, these enterprises are updated on the basis of the submitted reports or administrative data.

The unit non-response rate is adjusted using imputation. Reminder emails are sent to respondents, a notification of incomplete questionnaires is displayed on the web questionnaire application and reminder phone calls are made to reduce non-response.

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18 months

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Data on entrepreneurship indicators are published on Eurostat website, section Structural business statistics.

Comparable data are available for the time period since 2005 for NACE Rev. 2 sections B-N (with the exception of K) and S95.

Since 2021 for NACE Rev. 2 sections B-S (with the exception of O and S94).

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Mismatches between short-term construction output and SBS output value

The differences are explained by:

• Short-term construction output variable is calculated taking into account only own-account construction work, while SBS construction activities also include subcontract work.
• Short-term statistics sometimes do not cover enterprises with a small number of employees but a high turnover (often in the activity Development of building projects); such enterprises are often detected and included only in the preparation of SBS results.

Mismatches between short-term industrial output and SBS output value

The differences are explained by:

• Different coverage: short-term statistics cover only enterprises with more than 20 employees, while SBS covers the whole population.
• Amendments, updates of the data when annual results are reported.
• Different reference periods: short-term statistics cover the calendar year, while SBS covers the financial year.
• Different definitions: capitalised production is included in the SBS variable, but due to the complexity of reporting, such items are not included in the short-term statistics variable.

Mismatches between short-term turnover in trade and SBS turnover

The differences are explained by:

• Different definitions: The SBS turnover does not include subsidies, but the short-term statistics turnover should not exclude such subsidies if they are included in the turnover.
• Different coverage: SBS includes data on self-employed natural persons, but short-term statistics do not cover them.
• Various statistical units: The SBS survey unit is an enterprise, while the short-term statistics unit is a kind-of-activity unit (KAU).
• Different stratification criteria for sampling: The SBS sample is stratified by NACE code, number of employees and turnover, while the short-term statistics sample is stratified only by NACE codes and number of employees.
• Amendments, updates of the data when annual results are reported.
• Different data imputation methods: SBS mainly imputes information from annual reports of enterprises, while short-term statistics are based on trend-adjusted imputation of data from the previous period and on the use of VAT data.

The differences between value added in national accounts (NA) and value added in SBS can be explained as follows:

• NA adjustments (e.g. shadow economy),
• SBS value added excludes taxes, but NA value added includes production-related taxes and duties,
• NA value added includes imputed rent for NACE group 68.

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In line with the strategic directions of the European Statistics System and latest trends in statistical production, continuous use of information acquired in regular CSB surveys and proportionate reduction of the response burden are among the key CSB priorities.

In cooperation with holders of administrative data and in line with the competences provided for in the Statistics Law, CSB is striving to solve the issues related to the use of administrative data sources, thus aiming to acquire as comprehensive and high-quality administrative data allowing to reduce response burden on enterprises and households as possible.

CSB measures to improve use of administrative data and reduce response burden taken in 2024 (in Latvian only).

Revision Policy is an important component of good governance practice addressed more and more often in the international statistical society. The objective of the Revision Policy is to lay down the order of review or revision of the prepared and published data. The first chapter of the present document explains the terms applied in the Revision Policy, the second chapter shortly characterises the CSB Revision Policy, whereas the third chapter stipulates the revision cycle of the statistical data produced by the CSB.

Revision policy guidelines 08.09.2022 (PDF, 597 KB)

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Until 2016 (incl.), the business statistics for construction, industry trade and services was produced by conducting a full-scope and sample surveys. As of 2017, the statistics is produced based on a full-scope survey only.

Data are collected on the basis of CSB annual statistical report form 1-annual "Complex report on activities", 1-annual consolidated "Consolidated report on activities" and from the information provided by the State Revenue Service, as well as "Quarterly report on labour force" and "Report on costs" are used in addition for data compilation. 

Annual.

All economically active enterprises the number of employees or annual turnover whereof exceeds a set threshold value. The threshold used for the number of employees has been defined based on the reference year.

• As of 2017, the threshold is 20+ employees. Enterprises with less than 20 employees are not surveyed, however are included in the calculations by using the information of the State Revenue Service.
• Annual turnover is defined depending on the economic activity of the enterprise and reference year.

Data on economically active self-employed persons are also included.

The reports can be submitted in electronic format via the Electronic Data Collection System on the CSB website. Respondents can also print the forms from the CSB website and send them by post, e-mail or hand-delivery to the CSB.

Sample size

Data checks and editing is done during the data collection period. Data validation rules are described in the Metadata-driven Integrated Statistical Data Management System (MDV-ISDAVS) and automatically appear when data are entered into the system. Some data validation rules are also present in the electronic version of the report in the EDV system (the respondent cannot submit data before errors have been corrected). Data validation rules are described using logical and mathematical conditions.

Before data transmission to Eurostat, the data are checked using the CSB's validation system SBSValid and then also with Eurostat provided validation service Input Hall. Input Hall checks within series, between series and compares data with previous years.

Calculation methods

Indicators are calculated from separate elements of data submitted by enterprises and information from the State Revenue Service at 2-digit level of the NACE Rev. 2.

Number of enterprises includes economically active enterprises which are registered in the Business Register.

Turnover is the item of the Profit or Loss Statement "net turnover" minus operating subsidies and income of self-employed natural persons from economic activity.

Production value is net turnover or income of self-employed natural persons from economic activity

+/– change in stocks of finished products and work in progress manufactured by the enterprise;

+/– change in stocks of goods and services purchased for resale;

+ income from product- or turnover-related subsidies;

– purchases of goods and services purchased for resale;

+ capitalized production.

Value added is net turnover or income of self-employed natural persons from economic activity;

+ capitalized production;

+ income from product- or turnover-related subsidies;

– purchase of goods and services or expenses of self-employed natural persons for economic activity;

– other taxes on products which are linked to turnover but not deductible;

– taxes and duties linked to production.

Total purchase of goods and services is value of all goods and services purchased in the production process for resale or consumption. Includes raw materials, materials, low-value inventory and other goods or services for insurance of enterprise needs and activity. For self-employed natural persons the part of expenses for economic activity is included.

Personnel costs are calculated: wages and salaries + social insurance costs and social tax paid for self-employed natural persons.

Gross investment in tangible goods is gross capital investment in purchase of land, gross capital investment in existing buildings and constructions, gross capital investment in construction and reconstruction of buildings and gross capital investment in equipment and appliances.

Number of persons employed is expressed as an average annual indicator.

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Published data, if they are not marked as provisional, are final and are not reviewed, excluding cases when significant mistakes are found in enterprise reports.

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